The causal relationship between COVID-19 and estimated glomerular filtration rate: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Table 1 Causal estimates from the summary-level data-based MR from the GWAS summary statistics

Geneticallypredicted exposure	Outcome	MR method	Withtrimmedgenetic instrument			With total SNPs
Geneticallypredicted exposure	Outcome	MR method	beta	Standard error	P	beta	Standard error	P
eGFRcrea	Severe COVID-19	Inverse variance weighted	1.01	0.349	0.004	0.831	0.296	0.005
		MR-Egger	1.28	0.806	0.114	1.09	0.66	0.101
		Panelized weighted median	1.38	0.557	0.013	0.615	0.491	0.21
		MR-PRESSO	1.01	0.349	0.004	0.831	0.296	0.005
Severe COVID-19	eGFRcrea	Inverse variance weighted	-0.0002	0.001	0.733	-0.0001	0.0006	0.963
		MR-Egger	-0.0003	0.001	0.814	-0.0002	0.001	0.887
		Panelized weighted median	-0.0001	0.001	0.858	0.0003	0.001	0.626
		MR-PRESSO	-0.0002	0.001	0.736	-0.0001	0.0006	0.963
Severe COVID-19	CKD	Inverse variance weighted	0.015	0.015	0.318	0.019	0.014	0.188
		MR-Egger	0.02	0.027	0.458	0.020	0.027	0.468
		Panelized Weighted median	-0.01	0.02	0.633	0.010	0.020	0.620
		MR-PRESSO	0.015	0.015	0.325	0.019	0.014	0.196

MR = Mendelian randomization, SNP = single nucleotide polymorphism, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, CKD = chronic kidney disease

ISSN: 1471-2369